Types of Solar Panel Ports and Selection Tips
This article explains the types of solar panel output ports and terminals, and offers tips for choosing the right ones. Detailed explanations are provided for different panel types and uses.
Posted at: 2024.7.7
Types of Output Ports and Terminals for Solar Panels
| Port Type | Versatility | Waterproofing | Secure Connection |
|---|---|---|---|
| MC4 | ★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ |
| XT60 | ★ | ★★★* | ★★★ |
| DC | ★★★★ | - | ★ |
| USB | ★★★★★ | - | ★ |
*With custom waterproofing
MC4 (Anderson)
Most stationary solar panels use MC4, commonly known as Anderson connectors. MC4 connectors are known for their secure fit, waterproofing, and durability, making them ideal for outdoor solar panels. The distinctive red and blue connectors make them easily recognizable.
MC4 connectors are often used with charge controllers or with adapter cables to connect to portable power stations. They are also useful for configuring solar panels in parallel or series.
XT60
The XT60 connector is commonly used in portable power stations. Brands like ECO FLOW and BLUETTI often use XT60 for solar or DC inputs. The yellow rectangular connector is a distinguishing feature, and some portable power stations include MC4 to XT60 adapter cables.
XT60 connectors are not inherently waterproof, but waterproof covers are available for custom waterproofing.
DC
Multi-output solar panels often feature standard DC outputs. DC cables can be adapted to various terminals, making DC one of the most versatile output port types. Some portable power stations use cigarette lighter sockets for DC input.
However, DC connectors lack waterproofing and secure fit, making them less suitable for non-portable solar panels.
USB
USB ports are common on portable solar panels and include various types:
- USB A
- USB A Quick Charge
- USB Type C
- USB Type C (Power Delivery)
The output capabilities vary by product, so it’s important to check specifications when purchasing. USB ports are convenient for charging portable devices like smartphones, tablets, PCs, and power banks, but the power output directly affects charging times.
Which Output Port/Terminal is Best?
MC4 for Stationary Solar Panels
For home, RV, or car solar charging systems, MC4 is the best choice. Stationary setups require connectors that are secure and waterproof, making MC4 the ideal option. DC ports can easily disconnect, and they lack waterproofing.
DC and USB for Portable Solar Panels
For camping or outdoor use, DC and USB ports are more convenient. Portable setups need easy-to-use connectors, and DC ports offer simple plug-and-play functionality. For low-power solar panels (under 40W), USB ports are often the only practical option for charging portable devices. Multiple USB ports can help utilize the generated power efficiently.